European Security in NATO's Shadow

NATO has been a successful forum for managing European security policy. Yet European governments have repeatedly tried to build a new security institution in NATO's shadow. In this innovative book, Stephanie C. Hofmann asks why governments attempted to create an additional institution despite no obvious functional necessity and why some attempts failed while others succeeded. European Security in NATO's Shadow considers security cooperation through the lens of party ideologies to shed new light on these questions. She observes that political parties are motivated to propose new institutions by their multidimensional ideologies. Moreover, the success of efforts to create such institutions depends on the degree of ideological congruence among parties in power. In particular, the relationship between the values of multilateralism, sovereignty and Europe informed the impetus and success rate of the attempts made during negotiations for the Maastricht, Amsterdam and Nice treaties to create a European security institution. Reviews: Advance praise: 'Using European security initiatives as a test case, Stephanie C. Hofmann shows that the convergence of party ideologies across countries creates opportunities for international cooperation. Sharply argued, carefully researched and well written, this book makes the exciting argument that party ideologies matter in international relations. Hofmann also shows that it is impossible to understand European security initiatives such as CFSP and ESDP without taking into account the presence of an alternative, namely NATO, which makes the creation of a new European institution costly and perhaps superfluous unless one factors ideological preferences in.' Frédéric Mérand, University of Montréal 'Debates over European security too often stress its sui generis nature. In this important new book, Stephanie Hofmann argues that its study should instead be grounded in broader debates and theoretical schools within comparative politics and international relations. Adopting a resolutely eclectic stand, Hofmann argues - and shows in richly documented case studies - that security cooperation in Europe can only be understood if we build systematic linkages between the international and the domestic. Indeed, domestic politics - in the form of political parties and their ideologies - play a central role in explaining why Europeans have persisted in efforts at security cooperation 'in NATO's shadow'. Hofmann's book is thus a must read for Europeanists as well as the broader community of international relations scholars.' Jeffrey T. Checkel, Simons Chair in International Law and Human Security, Simon Fraser University and Research Professor, Peace Research Institute, Oslo 'This gem of a book bundles what we know from existing theories of international relations and domestic party politics and refracts that knowledge in an analytically subtle and original manner. Beautifully written, this book yields fresh insights into the largely unknown evolution of European security during the past two decades.' Peter J. Katzenstein, Walter S. Carpenter, Jr Professor of International Studies, Cornell University 'By bridging the fields of comparative politics and international relations, this book provides a unique and superb analysis of the way party ideology informs intergovernmental bargaining on matters of international security. It is a must-read for all students of party politics, international security and European politics.' Catherine E. de Vries, University of Oxford 'NATO has cast a long shadow over efforts to carve out an autonomous European defence capability. Why these efforts have persisted and why they have reached fruition in the guise of the European Security and Defence Policy of the EU are matters deftly and expertly dealt with in this volume. Hofmann offers an explanation that focuses less on inter-state negotiation and the institutional rivalries of NATO and the EU, and more on the ideological configurations of domestic politics. Focusing principally on France, Germany and the UK, we are offered an approach that breaks new ground in its view of domestic preferences as an explanation of foreign policy and institutional development. At a time when the shadow of NATO may be waning, this is an important route to understanding just how durable is the EU as the basis of a greater European responsibility in international affairs.' Mark Webber, University of Birmingham

1. Introduction; 2. Political party ideology and security cooperation; 3. The success and failure of European security cooperation; 4. The end of the Cold War and the Maastricht Treaty – the Common Foreign and Security Policy; 5. Renegotiating Maastricht at Amsterdam – the failure to go beyond CFSP; 6. Saint Malo, Cologne, and Nice – the creation of the robust ESDP; 7. Conclusion.