The European Union's Fight Against Corruption - The Evolving Policy Towards Member States and Candidate Countries

The fight against corruption emerged as one of the most significant issues during the 2004 enlargement of the EU and gained even more importance with the accession of Romania and Bulgaria in 2007. In order to prepare candidate countries for membership, the EU found it necessary to create new institutions and mechanisms to address corruption. Patrycja Szarek-Mason traces the development of the EU anti-corruption framework, showing how recent enlargements transformed EU policy and highlighting inequities between the treatment of candidate countries and existing Member States. The experience gained during the 2004 enlargement led to a more robust anti-corruption stance during the accession of Bulgaria and Romania and will have implications for future enlargements of the EU. However, the framework can still be strengthened to address corruption adequately and promote higher standards among Member States, especially through greater use of 'soft law' in the form of mutually agreed, non-legally binding policy recommendations. • Contrasts EU policy with anti-corruption initiatives of other international institutions, helping readers understand how EU policy has developed alongside efforts of the Council of Europe, the OECD and the United Nations • Detailed analysis of the evolution of anti-corruption policy during the most recent enlargements of the EU demonstrates what did and what did not work in the 2004 enlargement, and how those lessons impacted the accession of Bulgaria and Romania in 2007 • Makes specific recommendations to the anti-corruption framework that would make EU policy more effective

1. Corruption: concept, importance and international response 2. The scope of EU legal powers and development of the policy in the area of anti-corruption 3. The EU strategy against corruption within the Member States 4. Conditionality in the EU accession process 5. The EU's evaluation of corruption in the Central and Eastern European candidate countries 6. The EU anti-corruption strategy towards the Central and Eastern European candidate countries: achievement or missed opportunity? 7. The impact of the 2004 enlargement on the EU anti-corruption policy